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Abstract Objective To explore measurement methods and normal reference range of P, QRS, T and U- wave horizontal and spatial axis in healthy adults. Methods The standard simultaneous 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) of 100 healthy Chinese adults (50 men and 50 women, ages ranging from 23 to 58 years) were analyzed. The horizontal axis of P, QRS, T, and U- wave was calculated by the algebraic sum of amplitudes of the corresponding waves in V6 and V1 leads. The spatial axis of P, QRS, T and U- wave was determined by frontal and horizontal axis. Results In male, female and whole group, the sinus P-axis in horizontal plane was +30.00o~+77.92o(+58.00o), +30.26o~ +75.00o(+60o) and +30.00o~+75.00o(+60.00o) respectively;the sinus QRS-axis was-40.50o~+36.70o(-1.90o±19.70o),-31.80o~+42.20o(+5.20o±18.90o) and -36.72o~+40.12o(+1.70o±19.60o) respectively;the sinus T-axis was +10.20o~ +70.94o(+53.00o), -7.80o~+62.78o(+41.00o) and +2.06o~ +68.00o(+45.00o) respectively; the sinus U- axis was +37.04o~+81.00o(+60.00o),+8.00o~+89.82o(+50.00o) and +8.44o~+81.00o(+60.00o) respectively. The only significant difference between male and female group was horizontal T-axis (P<0.01). The spatial axis of al sinus P and T wave was located in left anterior-inferior quadrant, 99%sinus QRS wave in left anterior-inferior or left posterior-inferior quadrant and 93%sinus U wave in left anterior-inferior quadrant. There was no significant difference between male and female group (P>0.05). Conclusion This study provides reference values of horizontal and spatial axis of sinus P, QRS, T and U-wave in healthy adults. The reasonability of the measurement methods needs to be tested and verified.
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