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Abstract Objective To investigate normal reference range of sinus P-wave, T-wave and U-wave frontal cardiac electric axis in healthy adults, which may help to broaden the clinical application of the axis. Methods The standard si-multaneous 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) from healthy Chinese subjects (50 men and 50 women, ages ranging from 23 to 58 years) were col ected with a modern digital recorder. The means, standard deviations, lower limits and upper limits (with 95%normal reference range) of sinus P-wave and T-wave axis were calculated in the whole group as wel as separated by gender, also medians with lower limits (2nd percentile) and upper limit (98th percentile) of U-wave axis in the same groups were calculated. Results In the male group, average age was 42.56±6.05 years, the lower limits and upper limits of frontal plane sinus P-wave, T-wave and U-wave axis were+58.20o±16.94°(+25.01o~+91.39o),+46.70o±16.22°(+14.90o~+78.50°)and+60°(+43o~+90o). In the female group, average age was 40.62±5.65 years, the lower limits and upper limits of frontal plane sinus P-wave, T-wave and U-wave axis were+56.42o±19.05°(+19.07o~+93.77o),+47.80o±14.04°(+14.90o~+76.33o)and+60°(+43o~+90o). In the whole group, average age was 41.59± 5.91 years, the lower limits and upper limits of frontal plane sinus P-wave, T-wave and U-wave axis were +57.31o± 17.96o(+22.11o~+92.51o),+47.25°±15.11°(+17.64o~+76.86o)and+60°(+24o~+90o). There were no statistic dif-ferences of ages, sinus P-wave, T-wave and U-wave axis between male and female groups (P>0.05). The clinical ap-plication of the axis was also discussed. Conclusion We did not find difference of sinus P-wave, T-wave and U-wave frontal axis between the male and female in 100 healthy adults. Data from our paper may provide reference for further defining normal range of frontal sinus P-wave, T-wave and U-wave axis and clinical practice.
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